Warlords of China - Readme
This is a scenario for the Test of Time version
of Civilization 2. It cannot be played on other versions of Civilization.
The scenario is designed to be played as a single player game, but
can also be played as a multiplayer PBEM (Play by Electronic Mail)
game . All civilizations are playable, although the Communists or
the Kwantung Army (Japan) are not recommended.
For the purpose of handicapping more experienced
players in a PBEM game, or for a greater challenge in a single
player game, the Chihili Clique, the League of 5 Provinces,
the Fengtien Faction, and the Kouminchun Clique are the most challenging
to play. The Koumintang is easier and is recommended for first time
players. Playing the Communists or the Kwantung Army (Japan) is not
recommended since many command choices are not available to these civs.
There are a total of 15 objective cities. You need
at least 12 for a marginal victory, and all 15 for a decisive victory.
The game lasts from July 1916 to July 1937. Each turn is 2 months,
for a total of 126 turns. May you be blessed with the Mandate of
Heaven!
BEFORE YOU INSTALL THE SCENARIO...... 
1. Have you installed the Test of Time patch?
It's important that you do so BEFORE
starting the scenario.
download it here:
CivFanatics
or here:
Apolyton
or here:
Cradle of Civilization
2. Have you disabled the animated sprites?
They can override the unit and terrain graphics
of the scenario. Turning them off using the Graphic Options menu doesn't
always work. The only 100% effective way to disable them is to create
a holding folder in the Original directory. Put all spr. files
from that directory inside the holding folder, including resource
spr. and static.spr. When you want the animated units and terrain
back, just move the spr. files out of the holding folder and back into
the Original directory.
INSTALLATION
Installation:
· Under your ToT directory, create (if you
have not already done so) a folder called Scenarios. Do not put
this in the Original, Fantasy or Sci-fi folders. It must be directly
under the main Test of Time directory.
· Inside the Scenario folder, create a second
folder called 'Warlords of China'.
· Unzip the files you've downloaded into
the newly created Warlords of China folder (exception: cityWoC.bmp,
Civwin_backWoC.bmp, and dialogWoc.bmp)
· Place the files cityWoC.bmp, Civwin_backWoC.bmp,
and dialogWoc.bmp in the Original folder. First, backup the files: city.bmp,
Civwin_back.bmp, and dialog.bmp, then rename the above files by deleting
the "WoC" from the name. This will change the "skin" or look of the various
player interfaces of Test of Time to a Chinese style. Note: this will alter
the look of all your ToT games. To change back, simply reverse the procedure
above.
· To install sound, create a folder called
Sound in your new Warlords of China folder. Extract all the sound
files into the Sound folder.
THE WARLORDS
In the Chinese military system, each province had a military
governor, or "Dujun". With the breakdown of the central government,
these Dujun began taking control of the civil government of their province
in addition to it's military administration. In effect, they became
the dictator of the area which they controlled. The warlord and his army
were technically still part of the central government, and in fact,
often claimed to be acting in the interests of the nation. They often
used slogans proclaiming the good of the people or the unity of the
nation; some even claimed to be fighting warlordism. In reality,
they were motivated by self interest, and oppressed the people with excessive
taxation, most of which was spent on the army. The result was a decline
in the conditions of life for most people. Agriculture, commerce, and
education all suffered from the wars, neglect, and heavy taxation of the
warlord regimes. Poverty and hunger increased to staggering proportions.
These warlord armies were trained to be personally loyal
to the warlords alone. Yet in reality many of the warlord soldiers
were unreliable, since most of them were jobless and hungry people
who fought only for money. As a result, many of these soldiers changed
sides or deserted in battle, so new soldiers had to be continually recruited.
Following the victory of the Reds in the Russian Civil War, many White
soldiers fled to China, where they served as mercenaries in warlord armies.
Because warlord armies were kept together by individual officers rather
than a military system, the assassination of a single military commander
could greatly weaken a rival warlord's military strength. Bribes (known
as "silver bullets") were often used to win over the officers of a rival
warlord.
Warlords regularly fought with one another for territory
and power. Most of these wars were short-lived and small in scale.
Alliances with other warlords shifted constantly. If favored by geography
and military strength, warlords would attempt to control the capital,
Peiping. On becoming the master of Peiping, a warlord could claim to
represent the nation in foreign and internal matters, since the foreign
powers only recognized the Peiping government as China's official government.
The warlord in Peiping could therefore acquire foreign loans in the
name of the national government. The foreign powers also had control of
China's customs and salt taxes in the treaty-ports. After deducting payments
on China's foreign debt, the remainder would be paid to whoever controlled
the government in Peiping, making control of Peiping a source of considerable
revenue. Because of the struggle for Peiping, China's national government
changed hands quickly. From 1916 to 1928, China had more than 7 heads
of state, another 7 brief periods of caretaker governments, and 25 cabinets
in quick succession.
To the foreign powers, the absence of a strong and centralized
Chinese government during the warlord period offered opportunities
for the expansion of economic concessions. Japan was most eager
to make use of China's political disunity. In 1917-18, large loans were
sent to the Peiping warlord government, in return for the extension of
Japanese economic privileges in China. Other foreign powers also sent
loans to the Peiping warlords. Although there was an Arms Embargo Agreement
in 1919 that prohibited the sale of arms and munitions to China, foreigners
continued to sell weapons to Chinese warlords. Some foreign powers supported
specific warlords. Russia, for example, backed Feng Yu-hsiang.
Japan, for a time, supported Chang Tso-lin in Manchuria. Sun Chuanfang
received support from Britain. The policies and activities of the foreign
powers during the warlord period encouraged China's political disunity.
As individuals, the warlords were a colourful and varied lot.
Some were scholars, such as Wu P'ei-fu, known as the 'Jade Marshal'.
Feng Yu-hsiang was a devout Christian, who was known to baptize his
men with a fire hose. The warlords were greedy and ruthless. They lived
lavish lives, eating and drinking the finest food and wines, wearing elaborate
uniforms, keeping numerous concubines, and acquiring the latest luxury
automobiles. While some were graduates of modern military schools, others
such as Shantung's Chang Ts'ung-ch'ang, known as the "Dog Meat General"
began his career as a bandit, and was one of the most violent and excessive
of all. As a whole, they possessed contradictory characteristics, combining
traditional cultural pursuits such as calligraphy and music, experimentation
with a variety of modern social and economic doctrines, and the single
minded pursuit of military power.
HISTORY
From about the early 19th century onwards, the Ch'ing
(Manchu) dynasty was on the decline, politically, economically
and militarily. In particular, political decentralization had been
growing since the mid-19th century. This, together with the coming
of Western imperialism, quickened the dynasty's downfall. In an attempt
to deal with internal weakness and external threats, the Ch'ing
government attempted reforms which, however, proved to be failures.
Meanwhile, men like Sun Yat-sen were convinced that
revolution, not reform, was what would really save China. But
they met with little success. The revolutionary uprisings that
were attempted were all failures. The Wuhan Uprising on October 10,
1911 was an accidental success. Seeing the hopelessness of the dynasty,
the landowners and militarists declared their provinces independent
of Peiping. Even
Yuan Shih-k'ai, the most important militarist, abandoned the
Ch'ing and accepted the presidency of the new Republic. The Wuhan revolution
provided only a slight push, and the dynasty, rotten as it was, simply
collapsed.
The revolution brought down the dynasty but did not
create a strong republic. The militarist Yuan Shih-k'ai had no
faith in, nor any intention of practising, democratic Republican
rule. The landowners and merchants and their militarist allies resisted
the Central government's control. As a minority group enjoying little
social support, revolutionaries like Sun Yat-sen had no political
power to make Republicanism work. From 1912 to 1916, Yuan Shih-k'ai
first established a dictatorship and then tried to restore the monarchy,
with himself as Emperor. The attempt failed because of opposition in
the provinces, and the country broke up into semi-independent regions
governed by military governors. This led to rule by the warlords
(1916-28). The men with military power made the decisions. The warlord
period delayed China's modernization, increased social suffering, and
worsened China's political disorder. All had the effect of encouraging
Japanese aggression.
From 1911 to 1916, the Peiyang Army, which Yuan created,
was still unified and could therefore dominate other non-Peiyang
provincial armies. The commanders and officers of the Peiyang Army
still obeyed Yuan's orders. But when Yuan died in 1916, these military
men began to struggle for power and cut up territories themselves. This
gave other non-Peiyang armies and landowners of the provinces a chance
to gain more freedom of action. The powerful warlords governed territories
beyond the control of the powerless republican Central government in
Peiping. This was the period of the warlords.
From 1916 to 1918, there were, generally speaking,
two groups of warlords in China. One consisted of Yuan Shih-k'ai's
generals in North China; the other of militarists who had been uncooperative
with Yuan in the south. Upon the death of Yuan Shih-k'ai in 1916,
the two groups fought with each other for territorial expansion, which
continued till 1918. In that year, the northern group was itself
divided into two: an "Anfu clique" and a "Chihli clique". The Anfu
clique was led by Tuan Ch'i-jui, while the Chihli clique by Wu P'ei-fu.
The two cliques often fought with each other for the control of Peiping.
Members of the two groups often changed sides. In 1920, Chang Tso-lin,
who was a warlord backed by the Japanese in Manchuria, entered the struggle.
In 1924, the second round of warlord warfare began.
Feng Yu-hsiang, who had previously been one of Wu P'ei-fu's generals,
betrayed Wu and went over to the enemy's camp. Then, a struggle between
Feng (Kouminchun Clique) and Chang Tso-lin (Fengtien Faction) took
place. In the end, Feng was defeated and had to retreat to Northwest
China, where he got Soviet backing. Meanwhile, in the south, warlords
also fought for territories. Sun Chuanfang (League of Five Provinces),
an ally of Wu P'ei-fu controlled a large area of eastern China, including
Shanghai. Even Sun Yat-sen entered the struggle with warlords politically
and militarily.
After Yuan outlawed the Koumintang (KMT) parliamentary
wing in 1913, Sun Yat-sen worked to build the revolutionary movement,
eventually establishing a KMT base in Canton in Guangzhou. Sun’s
ideas became more anti-imperialist during this period. In speeches
and writings he stressed that China could not be strong until it rid
itself of imperialist intrusions and was reconstituted as the nation
of the Chinese people. Other forms of revolution also attracted adherents.
Marxism gained a following among urban intellectuals and factory workers
in China, particularly after the success of the Communists in the Russian
Revolution of 1917. In 1921 the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was organized
in Shanghai.
During the warlord period, most Western powers dealt
with whichever warlord had control of Beijing and ignored the revolutionaries.
By contrast, the Soviet Union, through the Comintern, offered to help
the
Chinese revolutionaries. Believing that the KMT had the
best chance of succeeding, the Comintern instructed CCP members to
join Sun Yat-sen’s KMT. In 1923 Sun agreed to accept Soviet advice
in reorganizing the crumbling KMT party and army and to admit Communists
into the KMT as part of a united-front policy (The First United Front).
Despite Sun's death in 1925, the rejuvenated KMT launched
the Northern Expedition
in 1926 from its base in Guangzhou. The expedition, an attempt
to rid China of warlords and reunify the country under KMT rule, was
led by the young general Chiang Kai-shek, who had been trained in Japan
and Moscow and had been in charge of the KMT’s military academy. Communists
aided the advance of Chiang Kai-shek's army by organizing peasants and
workers along the way. However, the alliance between the two groups was
fragile because the KMT drew much of it's support from wealthy businessmen
and landowners, while the Communists advocated redistribution of wealth.
In 1927, as the KMT army approached Shanghai, Chiang bribed members of
the Green Gang, a Shanghai underworld triad, to massacre labour union leaders
and Communists, whom he feared were becoming too powerful. The alliance
ended, and the KMT began a bloody purge of the Communists.
From 1927 to 1937 the KMT under Chiang ruled from Nanking.
Chiang's foremost goal was to build a strong modern state and army.
He employed many Western-educated officials in his government, and
progress was achieved in modernizing the banking, currency, and taxation
systems, as well as transportation and communication facilities. However,
China remained fragmented. While a small, Westernized elite and an industrial
force developed in the cities, the vast majority of people were poor
peasants in the countryside. The rural economy suffered from continued
population growth and from the collapse of some local industries, such
as silk production and cotton weaving, due to foreign competition. Chiang's
highest priority was not improving the lives of peasants but gaining full
military control of the country. Many regions remained under warlords,
the Communists controlled some areas, and the Japanese were encroaching
in north and northeast China.
Between 1925 and 1928, Chinese nationalists under the
banner of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) had begun to unite all
of China's far-flung regions under a Kuomintang Nationalist government.
Japan's militarists feared that a unified China under a Nationalist
government would block Japanese territorial expansion into Manchuria
where Japan had massive commercial interests and had achieved significant
political influence. In 1927, Japanese militarists demanded action by
the imperial government to block the Chinese Nationalist movement reaching
Manchuria. Prime Minister Tanaka responded by sending Japanese troops
to China's Shantung province in 1928.
When Japan acquired Port Arthur on the Kwantung Peninsula
of southern Manchuria as one of the fruits of its victory in the
Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, a Kwantung Army was established
to occupy the peninsula, patrol the Japanese-owned South Manchuria
Railway zone, and protect other Japanese commercial interests in Manchuria.
The Kwantung Army included extremist officers who harboured plans to
extend Japan's boundaries on the Asian mainland by military force. They
were prepared to take direct action in Manchuria to force the Imperial
government's hand.
When Manchuria embraced Kuomintang nationalism in 1928,
friction quickly developed between Chinese nationalists and Japanese
bureaucrats in Manchuria. The Manchurians wanted to reduce Japan's
political influence in their region of China to a purely commercial
presence. Japan's militarists viewed these developments as threatening
Japan's "special position" in Manchuria and their plans to seize this
huge northern region of China. Extremist officers in Japan's Kwantung
Army assassinated the Chinese warlord ruler of Manchuria Chang Tso-lin
in 1928, but his son and successor Chang Hsüeh-liang was an even
stronger supporter of Chinese nationalism.
Japan's economy was seriously affected by the Great Depression
which began in 1929, and with revenues from Japan's commercial interests
under threat from Chinese nationalism, extremists in the Kwantung
Army found Japan's imperial government willing to listen to their demands
for a move against Manchuria. On the night of 18 September 1931, a bomb
was exploded on the track of the Japanese-owned South Manchuria Railway.
The Kwantung Army immediately blamed "Chinese terrorists", and
its troops seized the Manchurian city of Mukden (The Mukden Incident).
The Kwantung Army then undertook the full conquest of Chinese Manchuria.
It ignored efforts by the imperial government in Tokyo to bring
its military aggression in Manchuria to a halt. When Prime Minister Inukai
tried to secure Emperor Hirohito's intervention to bring the Kwantung Army
back under government control, he was assassinated by naval officers in
May 1932.
Concentrating on defeating the Communists, Chiang Kai-shek
ordered Chang Hsüeh-liang to withdraw without a fight. In early
1932. When the Kwantung Army had completed its conquest of Manchuria,
it converted this vast former region of China into a Japanese puppet
state called Manchukuo in September 1932. The last Manchu emperor
of China, Henry Pu Yi, was enthroned as emperor of Manchukuo under
the control of the Kwantung Army. Japanese armies then occupied China's
northern Jehol province and stopped short of the former Chinese capital
Peiping when a truce was arranged.
In 1927, following Chiang Kai-shek's attack on the Communists
in Shanghai and elsewhere, Mao Tse Tung conducted the "Autumn
Harvest Uprising" in Changsha, Hunan, but his army was defeated and
scattered after fierce battles. From 1931 to 1934, Mao helped establish
the Soviet Republic of China and was elected Chairman of this small republic
among the mountainous areas in Jiangxi. Mao, with the help of Zhu De,
built a modest but effective army, undertook experiments in rural reform
and government, and provided refuge for Communists fleeing the Nationalist
purges in the cities. 
By 1930, there were more than ten regions, usually entitled
"soviet areas", under control of the CCP, supporting an army of 100,000
men. The growth of Communist controlled "soviet areas" alarmed Chiang
Kai-shek, and he turned his attention to rooting out the remaining
pockets of Communist activity. He proclaimed the slogan "First
internal pacification, then external resistance", which meant defeating
the Communists before resisting Japanese aggression, a policy which was
widely unpopular. The first two campaigns failed and the third
was aborted due to the Mukden Incident. The fourth campaign (1932-1933)
achieved some early successes, but Chiang’s armies were badly mauled when
they tried to penetrate into the heart of Mao’s Kiangsi/Jiangxi Soviet.
Finally in late 1933 Chiang launched a fifth campaign organized by his
German advisors that involved the systematic encirclement of the Kiangsi/Jiangxi
Soviet with fortified blockhouses. By the fall of 1934, the Communists
faced the possibility of total annihilation.
Given the success of Chiang’s Fifth Encirclement Campaign,
the CCP had to break out of Kiangsi/Jiangxi or be wiped out. In October
1934, two columns forced their way through the KMT lines and began
the famous "Long March
," a retreat from Jiangxi in the southeast to Yenan in Shaanxi
in the northwest of China. It was during this 9,600 kilometer, year-long
journey that Mao emerged as the top Communist leader. The Communists had
achieved a temporary respite and were able to build up their forces once
more.
Utilizing the temporary truce with the Japanese after the
loss of Manchuria and Jehol, Chiang Kai-shek again attempted to destroy
the Communists once and for all. He ordered the northern warlords,
now officially part of the KMT army, to launch an offensive against
the CCP base area in Yenan. They made little progress and suffered heavy
losses. Frustrated by the stalled campaign against the CCP, Chiang
Kai-shek flew to Chang Hsueh-liang’s headquarters in Xian. The "Young
Marshal", by now a Communist sympathizer had Chiang arrested,
but was ultimately convinced by Chou En-lai to release Chiang on the
condition that he halt the anti-Communist campaigns, and form a Second
United Front that would resist further Japanese aggression in China.
This event derailed the KMT strategy of domestic consolidation followed
by anti-Japanese resistance. Otherwise, it was an alliance in name only.
The KMT refused to cooperate with the Communists, even as the Japanese militarists
prepared their all out attack on China in July 1937.
DESIGNERS NOTES
"Warlords" was an intriguing, but difficult scenario to design. China
of the nineteen twenties and thirties was a chaotic and exotic place. Various
warlords came and went, foreign powers interfered frequently, and nationalists
and communists schemed and clashed. In order to make the scenario work
within the bounds of Civ2 (Test of Time version), the number of civilizations
had to be reduced to seven protagonists of roughly equal strength .
This involved selecting a specific date when the balance was appropriate
for the requirements of the scenario. The best time, in my opinion, was
1924, when the warlord system was fully developed, and before the "Northern
Expedition" of the Koumintang and it's Communist allies, or the Japanese
invasion of Manchuria. The exception to this time frame is the Communists,
who did not develop the base areas depicted at the beginning of the scenario
until about 1930, after the end of the First Common Front. The result is
that although the scenario begins in 1916, the starting positions represent
the situation in 1924, except for the Communists, where it's 1930. You have
to make compromises to get an (hopefully) interesting and balanced
scenario.
The scenarios includes 4 warlord civs, the Chihili Clique, the
League of 5 Provinces, the Fengtien Faction, and the Kouminchun Clique,
plus the Koumintang (nationalists), the Communists, and the Kwantung Army
(Japanese). The Warlords have a monarchy government, representing the
high level of corruption typical of warlord regimes. The Koumintang has
a republican government, which reflects its support from landowners and
big business. The Communists have a fundamentalist form of government (renamed
Communist), to represent it's high level of support among the poor and
peasants, and low technological level. The Kwantung Army has a communist
government, (renamed Imperialism), to model an oppressive, yet relatively
efficient regime.
The 4 Warlord civs are the most challenging to play. The easiest
playable civ is the Koumintang, whose republican government allows more
rapid research of foreign arms deals, giving it a real advantage. The
Communists and the Kwantung Army are playable, although they are not recommended.
They are designed for the AI, and may not be as interesting as other civs.
Since China was unable to produce modern weapons other than small
arms, foreign arms deals were much sought after by the various warlords,
including the Koumintang, Foreign powers were more than happy to
supply the various factions with aircraft and armoured vehicles. There was
a bewildering array of military hardware in the arsenals of the various
warlords, only a fraction of which is represented in the scenario. To represent
this in the scenario, there are a combination of arms deal technologies
which must be researched, and a date-specific technology given to
all civs every five years. Each civ may research arms deal techs with
the British/French, White Russians, Germans/Italians, Americans, and/or
Soviets. These serve as one set of pre-reqs. The other half of the pre-reqs
are given by events to all civs every 5 years: Late 10's, Early and Late
Twenties and Early and Late Thirties.
For example, on Jan 1925 you automatically get the Late 20's tech,
along with all other civs. If you've researched an arms deal with the
Germans/Italians, you now have both pre-requisites for the Junkers K53
tech. Whoever researches this tech first, gets 3 of the aircraft units
delivered at his capital the next turn. Anyone who researches this tech
later, gets nothing. Similar events exist for all types of hardware, including
gunboats from the various arms suppliers. This is the only way to
get these types of units, they can't be built or replaced.
Elite "Dare-to-Die" units are available to the 4 Warlord civs only -
each time they capture a city there's a one in five chance of recruiting
2 units. The Kwantung Army (Japanese) have a separate events structure
for their heavy equipment, while the Communists just get money from Stalin.
Seven warlords are represented by barbarian units.When one
of the cities in each minor warlord's province is captured, an event creates
a number of barbarian units representing the counterattack of that
warlord. The minor warlords and their trigger cities are:
A. Peiping - Warlord Duan Qirui
Trigger cities: Peiping, Tientsin, Chinhuangtao
B. Guangxi Province - Warlord Li Zongren
Trigger cities: Nanning, Pakhoi, Wuchow, Liuchow
C. Shanxi Province - Warlord Yan Xishan (The Model Governor)
Trigger cities: Taiyuan, Fenyang, Anyang, Lingchin
D. South Sichuan Province - Warlord Lu Xiang
Trigger cities: Chungking, Fouling, Kweiyang
E. North Sichuan Province - Warlord Yang Sen (Rat Face General)
Trigger cities: Chentu, Nanchung, Luchow
F. Shandong Province - Warlord Zhang Zongchang (The Dog Meat
General)
Trigger Cities: Tsinan, Cheefoo, Weihaiwei
G. Yunnan Province - Warlord Cai E
Trigger City: Yunnan
Specific events are triggered if Peiping or Shanghai are attacked. Peiping
is reinforced if attacked, making it difficult to capture, while anyone
capturing Shanghai is subject to multiple attacks by the "Green Gang",
an underworld triad.
If enough Communist base areas in eastern China are captured or destroyed,
the Communists are given the technology to build the "Long March" (Apollo
Project) wonder. If built, it recreates the arrival of Mao's forces
in the Yenan area, and allows the construction of the "Mao Tse-tung Thought"
wonder (Darwin's Voyage). The Koumintang can build the "Northern Expedition"
(Women's Sufferage) wonder, and the Kwantung Army can build the "Tojo's
War Academy" (Sun Tzu's War Academy) wonder.
River warfare is represented in a limited way. The Yangtze,
the Yellow and the Pearl rivers are navigable. This is a stretch in the
case of the Yellow River, which has a huge silting problem. Rivers are separated
from ocean so Japanese capital ships can't sail into the middle of China.
Other than sampans, boats can't be built. Instead, they are given by events
when certain cities are captured. Junks, sampans and riverboats are strictly
transports. Gunboats are the only combat vessel allowed on rivers. They
can be acquired in the same way as other military hardware, by researching
contracts.
Armoured Trains were an important weapon during the warlord period.
They were imported by the White Russians who served as mercenaries after
their defeat by the Reds in the Russian Civil War and can be obtained
by researching White Russian technologies. Although powerful, they are
limited to railway terrain.
Since the scenario disallows the construction of forts, I decided
to use a fort to represent Hong Kong. I put it on an ocean tile, so no
one can occupy it, though ships come and go.
WONDERS
Ming Tombs,
(built)
Hanging Gardens
The Bund,
(built)
Colossus
Yamamoto's Academy, (built)
Lighthouse
Wild Goose Pagoda,
(built)
Oracle
Great Wall,
(built)
Great Wall
Tojo's War Academy, (unbuilt)
Sun Tzu's
War Academy
Mukden Arsenal,
(built)
King Richard's Crusade
Forbidden City,
(built)
Marco Polo's Embassy
National University,
(built)
Copernicus' Observatory
Grand Canal,
(obsolete)
Magellan's Expedition
Yellow Crane Tower, (built)
Shakespeare's Theatre
Zaibatsu,
(built)
Leonardo's Workshop
COMINTERN,
(unbuilt)
Isaac Newton's College
Mao Tse-tung Thought, (unbuilt)
Darwin's Voyage
International Settlement, (built)
Eiffel Tower
Northern Expedition,
(unbuilt)
Women's Suffrage
Long March,
(unbuilt)
Apollo Program
Temple of Heaven,
(built)
Cure for Cancer
SOURCES
I used the following books and articles in designing this scenario:
Japan's Imperial Conspiracy, David Bergamini (1971)
China's Warlords, David Bonavia (1995)
Soviet Russia in China, Chiang Kai-shek (1958)
A Military History of Modern China, F. F. Lui (1956)
Warlord Politics in China 1916-1928, Hsi-Sheng Ch'i (1976)
Chinese Civil War Armies, Philip Jowett (1997)
Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War, Mao Tse-tung (1936)
If you're interested in movies set in the warlord period, you might enjoy
these:
The Sand Pebbles (1966)
The Last Emperor (1987)
Once Upon a Time in China III (1993)
ACKNOWEDGEMENTS
Curt Sibling for his great Chinese style cities. Catfish for his terrain,
especially the ocean.
SPECIAL THANKS
To Tim Smith for custom making the Great Wall terrain. To Fairline
for custom making the excellent graphics used in many of the units
of this scenario. And to AGRICOLA for his valuable playtesting.
I hope you enjoy it.
techumseh
, November, 2006
